Updated December 1st 2025

Our Data Labelling Methodology

At Frontier AI, we create some of the world’s highest-quality video datasets for training advanced robotics and frontier-scale AI systems. Our labelling process is designed from the ground up for long-form, real-world video captured from the human point of view — the same conditions where tomorrow’s robots will operate.
To ensure reliability, safety, and performance, every frame goes through a rigorous, multi-stage annotation and quality assurance pipeline built specifically for robotics and risk-aware AI.

1. Designed for Real-World Robotics Training

Robots learn from experience. Our datasets provide that experience at scale.

We collect video across homes, workplaces, hospitals, factories, warehouses, and commercial environments. Each scene is carefully annotated to map:

  • Objects robots must understand
  • Behaviours and human movement
  • Environmental conditions
  • Risk factors such as hazards, occlusions, clutter, transparency, low light, and obstacles
  • Scene context (kitchen, hallway, assembly line, medical bay, etc.)

This structured, multi-layer approach gives AI systems the exact information required to navigate and act safely in the real world.

2. A Structured Annotation Framework

Our labelling framework is built specifically for robotics and risk modelling.
Each video is annotated across three layers:

A. Object-Level Understanding

We label the full spectrum of real-world objects — furniture, tools, appliances, cables, surfaces, openings, spillages, edges, and more — using bounding boxes, masks, and spatial annotations designed for robotic perception.

B. Risk and Behavioural Attributes

Robots must understand not just what an object is, but what state it is in.
Our annotators tag conditions such as:

  • Trip hazards
  • Slip hazards
  • Transparent or reflective surfaces
  • Moving objects
  • Poor visibility
  • Clutter
  • Occlusions
  • Unstable objects

This produces “risk-aware” datasets that enhance the safety and robustness of robotic decision-making.

C. Scene-Level Context

Each environment is categorised to help AI models understand domain-specific patterns — for example:

  • Home (kitchen, living room, hallway)
  • Factory (assembly line, warehouse floor, loading bay)
  • Healthcare (hospital rooms, reception areas)
  • Commercial (hotel, office, retail, airport)

This makes our datasets immediately useful for OEMs, insurers, autonomy stacks, and simulation engines.

3. Multi-Stage Quality Assurance

High-quality labels are essential for high-performing AI.
We use a multi-layer QA pipeline to ensure consistent, accurate, trustworthy annotations.

A. Specialist Labeling Workforce

Our annotators are trained specifically in:

  • Human-robot interaction
  • Navigational hazards
  • Industrial and home safety
  • Robotic manipulation tasks
  • Spatial and temporal reasoning

Every labeler completes domain-specific onboarding before they touch production data.

B. Dual-Stage Review System

Every video passes through:

  1. Primary Annotation — performed by trained specialists
  2. Independent Review — performed by senior reviewers to enforce consistency and ontology standards

We measure accuracy continuously and provide feedback loops to maintain stable performance across thousands of hours of video.

C. Statistical Quality Monitoring

We audit a rotating sample of each batch to measure:

  • Inter-annotator agreement
  • Accuracy of object boundaries
  • Correct application of risk attributes
  • Temporal consistency across frames

This creates a predictable, measurable quality profile for every dataset.

D. OEM Feedback Integration

For enterprise customers, we incorporate an additional review layer where OEMs or robotics partners can evaluate samples and request refinements.
This ensures that every dataset is tuned to the specific needs of the model being trained.

4. Model-Assisted Labelling

Frontier AI uses a “model-in-the-loop” workflow to enhance speed and precision.

Automated Pre-Labelling

Our internal models (trained on our proprietary dataset) pre-annotate video sequences. Human annotators then refine and validate the results, ensuring:

  • Faster throughput
  • Higher frame-to-frame consistency
  • Improved detection of small or subtle hazards

Active Learning

We use active learning systems to automatically identify:

  • Edge cases
  • Hard examples
  • Unusual hazards
  • Scenes where models are uncertain

This ensures Frontier AI prioritises the most valuable frames, improving dataset quality while reducing cost.

5. Security, Privacy, and Data Integrity

Frontier AI handles real-world video with the highest level of responsibility.

  • Personal data is anonymised or blurred according to customer requirements.
  • Footage is stored securely with strict access controls.
  • Labelling teams access only the data and tools required for their specific tasks.
  • All metadata and annotations follow consistent versioning for full traceability.

We maintain an audit trail for every labelled dataset we deliver.

6. Why Leading Robotics Companies Choose Frontier AI

Robotics companies work with Frontier AI for three key reasons:

1. Real-World Complexity

Our datasets expose models to clutter, unpredictability, hazards, and the messy reality robots must master.

2. Risk-Aware Annotation

Industry-first tagging of hazards, conditions, and environment states helps robots make safer decisions.

3. Enterprise-Grade Quality

Every dataset goes through our structured QA pipeline, combining expert human judgement with advanced AI assistance.

As a result, our training data consistently improves navigation reliability, manipulation accuracy, and real-world performance for frontier-scale AI models.

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